Air Balloon

  

Using generated heat to capture rising air inside an envelope of material, the hot air balloon concept has fascinated scientists and speculators for centuries. Hot air balloons were one of the first methods of flight created by humans. Although their documented history is generally only begins in the 18th century, some evidence suggest that the balloons have been in the minds of humans for thousands of years.

Hot air balloons were the first successful attempt by humans to reach above our familiar surface.While the later aviation technology had little to do with the science behind hot air balloons, the dream of flight was given true possibility by their success. Balloon flights today are still accounted a wonder, with a consistent recurring image of beauty and serenity being a picture of hot air balloons scattered across a perfect sky.

http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-the-history-of-hot-air-balloons.htm

Car

    "Automobiles changed the world in the 20th Century. 

      They have given people the

      freedom to live, work, and travel almost anywhere they want. The automobile 

      industry has caused the suburbs to grow, and made the development of road and

      highway systems necessary. The manufacture, sale, and repair of automobiles are

     very important to the countries that produce large amounts of manufactured goods. But along with the advantages of automobiles, there have been

      disadvantages. Automobile accidents are a leading cause of death and injury in the

      world, and the automobile has brought about air and noise pollution. Despite the

      problems automobiles have caused, they are an important part of the culture and economy of the world."

http://www.damninteresting.com/the-last-great-steam-car/

(http://library.thinkquest.org/J0112389/history_of_cars.htm) 

Airplanes

"It made the world "shrink" because people can not travel to and across places which

are previously inaccessible (e.g. airplanes can fly over mountains). Airplanes have also

significantly reduced the time needed to travel from one country/continent to another.

However, it also affected humans negatively because problems such as air and noise

pollution soon appeared."(http://wiki.answers.com/Q/How_did_airplanes_affect_humans) 

Train

"Railroads could transport cattle from the west, so farmers did not feel the need to move west. Which affected Western migration. Railroads played a key role. Trains carried natural resources from the west to eastern markets. Trains also brought miners, farmers, and ranchers to develop the land."(http://wiki.answers.com/Q/How_did_the_railroads_affect_the_west#page1)

Canoes

 Canoes were developed over the course of thousands of years

by the native peoples of North America. The word 'canoe'

originiated from the word 'kenu' - meaning dugout. These seagoing

boats were used by the Carib Indians of the Caribbean islands, and were made of large tree

trunks which were shaped and hollowed, and were strong enough to travel between the islands.

  

North American Indians are responsible for creating the more

well-known version of the canoe - a frame of wooden ribs covered with

the lightweight bark of birch trees, and sometimes elm or cedar trees.

These boats, which have remained virtually unchanged in design for

thousands of years, proved to be ideal for travelling the numerous

streams, rivers and lakes of North America.

      Birchbark was the perfect choice to build canoes because, not only was it lightweight and smooth, but it was also waterproof and resilient. As well, the birch tree was found in almost every area of Canada, except for the western subarctic region, where spruce bark had to fill in as a substitute.

    The joints of the canoes were held together by the root of the white

pine and then made waterproof by applying hot pine or spruce resin.

    As the commerce of early North America grew, so did the need for

canoes. The fur trade became so large, in fact, that the French set up

the world's first known canoe factory at Trois-Rivieres, Quebec,

around the year 1750. Many of the canoes that fur traders used were

capable of carrying a crew of up to 12 people and a cargo weighing

around 2400 kilograms.

http://www.canoe.ca/AllAboutCanoes/

Steamboat

"It made it easier to carry large cargo long distances across the ocean faster."(http://wiki.answers.com/Q/How_did_the_invention_of_the_telephone_affect_people_today#page1)

Railroad System

As industry expanded, so did the transportation network needed to move raw materials and finished products. Thousands of miles of canals and all-weather roads were built in the eighteenth century. The main innovation in transportation of the nineteenth century was the railroad. The railroads were driven by coal-burning, steam-power locomotives and provided quick, cheap transportation to places inaccessible by water. The construction of railroads created a demand for iron and for large numbers of workers and became a large industry in its own right. Unlike manufacturing, railroad networks usually involved a combination of private and public investment.

After 1830, Belgium, France, Switzerland, and Germany began to imitate the English industrialization process by introducing machinery into the production process, concentrating workers in factories, and beginning to build their transportation network. However, the industrialization process in the European continent differed from the British in a number of ways. First, the governments played a greater role providing capital as active partners in industrialization process. Governments built railroad systems, which facilitated the beginnings of industrialization. Second, the banks were also major partners in financing industry. Third, the development of the railroad system helped begin industrialization. It helped stimulate other industries to meet its needs by the markets it created.

http://wps.ablongman.com/long_levack_wc_1/43/11053/2829693.cw/

Submarines

"Submarines have helped us in many ways, from being an important part of wars to

delivering weapons. They have gone through many changes, growing from the size of 

a row boat to the length of five buses. Over the years, submarines have become an

important vessel for the Navy."

http://library.thinkquest.org/J0112389/submarines.htm

Steamships

"Efficiently transporting goods and products would not have been possible without

the steamboat. The steamboat's influence on the marketplace is apparent in modern

society. Self-sufficiency decreased as steamboat transportation increased

commercial trading capabilities. The advent of the steamboat increased

dependency on manufactured goods, and personal financial well-being then became

more dependent on market forces."

(http://www.ehow.com/info_8558537_effects-steamboats-industrial-revolution.html)

Canals

With the coming of industrialisation, a transportation network linking the coalfields, the supply chain and the distribution routes to the factories needed to be established. This could be by horse and cart, but this was only really practical for shorter distances. The country’s rivers (and coastal routes) were traditionally used as a means of transportation, and these waterways were made navigable, by straightening, clearing of obstructions and the construction of locks, all of which required the passing of legislation (with the inevitable local opposition) before work could begin. 

Ironically, it was the industrial areas of Lancashire and the Midlands which were least served by the river network. The answer was to bring the rivers to them with the construction of man-made water channels, known as canals. One of the first of these new canals was the Sankey Brook Navigation which opened in 1757, linking the coalfields of Lancashire to the city of Liverpool and the River Mersey. It was originally intended to straighten the existing brook; however it proved much more practical to build a man-made cut running beside it.

The construction of more canals followed, particularly as the coal supplied through them undercut the opposition. The Bridgewater Canal, linking Runcorn, Leigh and Manchester was completed in 1761. This involved the construction of a viaduct over the River Irwell – the first of its kind.

The age of the canal had truly arrived, and the closing decades of the 18th century saw the canal network expanding, so that cities, industrial areas and ports were linked through a system of waterways, serving the demands of the new industrialised nation. 

By 1830 the country had over 4000 miles of navigable waterways, and this together with the road network, provided the backbone of the inland transportation system. However both were soon to have stiff competition with the coming of the railways.

http://ftfmagazine.lewcock.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=194&catid=46

Locomotive

"Rapid transportation allowed people and perishable goods to move in and out of vast distances, allowing for the mass settlement of western states and territories in the

US."(http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_effects_did_the_steam_locomotive_have_on_society#page1)

Horses in the Industrial Revolution

The roads also improved immensely during this time period. Previously, people traveled using animals or by foot, but there were many problems with the conditions of the roads. In 1751, turnpikes were created for easier transportation, especially for the horse-drawn wagons. John Loudon McAdam made "macadam" road surfaces which consisted of crushed rock in thin layers. Thomas Telford made new foundations in roads with large flat stones. Soon after, roads across America were improved based on these techniques. The closest to trains were horses, commonly used to pull freight cars along rails.(http://www.industrialrevolutionresearch.com/industrial_revolution_transportation.php)